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Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to be criticized for )the bystander effect. nature or nurture. Naima washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is afraid of the germs that seem to be everywhere. . \end{array} d B. evolutionary psychology. b. a.)phobia. humanistic psychology, a movement in psychology supporting the belief that humans, as individuals, are unique beings and should be recognized and treated as such by psychologists and psychiatrists. d.)schizophrenia. b. a. c.)meta-analysis. )rapidly in response to a stressful life situation. d.)the therapeutic alliance. Which of the following is NOT a reason for Gwen to be in this situation? Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of: Key Words: Notes: 4. a. genes or prenatal factors play a role in handedness. a. b. d.)hindsight bias. C) )the placebo effect. b.)self-actualization. )maladaptive d.)the ego, _____________ is to the history of psychology as _____________ is to the history of rock music. )illustrate neural plasticity. )the phallic Babies are born with personalities that are relatively stable throughout their lives. )patient's unconscious attempts to block the process of revealing repressed memories and conflicts. d.)diminishing, Cynthia thinks that her new neighbor is mean and snobbish. In contrast to Freud, which of the following did psychoanalyst Karen Horney emphasize as important during personality development? a. c.)social phobia b. b. d.)validity; standardization. d) genetic predispositions. DNA; genes d.)ADHD, b. b. The localization of a function such as speech production to the right or left side of the brain is called d.)only include males in his study. b. The heritability of a specific trait will be lowest among genetically ________ individuals who have been raised in ________ environments. d. Six-year-old Tommy wants his hair cut and combed like his father's. Forty-six chromosomes are located within every human: Genes form templates for the production of: The human genome has about 3 billion pairs of: Evolutionary psychologists emphasize that environmentally adaptive behaviors are those that have promoted: The prevalence of genetically predisposed traits which have a reproductive advantage is best explained in terms of: If a genetic predisposition to fear darkness contributes to reproductive success, that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations. d.)disorganized thoughts. A baby girl receives a(n) ________ chromosome from her ________. The tragic decision to launch the space shuttle Challenger resulted in part from the minimal expression of dissenting views among NASA personnel and advisors. 30 Questions Show answers. This best illustrates the long-term impact of, Heredity most clearly contributes to individual difference in, Newborn Asian infants have been observed to be calmer and less reactive than newborn Caucasian infants. The students at the University charged the field after the game in response to their team's loss. A. a. One cluster expresses anxiety, such as that exhibited in ______________ personality disorder. c.)not including homosexuality as a mental disorder. a. 2 (2002): 146-60 and "The Problem of Romantic Love: Shakespeare and Evolutionary Psychology" in . Be sure to specify your experimental hypothesis and identify your dependent and. c.)stress disorder c.)evolutionary psychologist. c.)8 b.)glutamate. d.)client's expectation that psychotherapy will make things better. )people often enter therapy in crisis, and these crises often pass without professional help. d. a. c.)free-floating anxiety. c.)is analogous to Freud's concept of the preconscious. c.)our desire for love and security c.)interpersonal psychotherapy. d.)your personality traits. Pages 58 Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. a.)rumination. )observational learning. )automatic mimicry. )disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, Which of the following is a new diagnostic label in DSM-5? a. b. b. a. Evolutionary psychology Charles Darwin was the first scientist to point out that our common responses to certain emotionally charged situations, like our hair standing on end when we are frightened, are responses that probably evolved hundreds of millions of years ago in our early animal ancestors. b. Clearly, Jennifer is already acquiring a knowledge of traditional, Women's leadership responsibilities have most clearly been limited by their, A person's sense of being male or female is his or her gender, The acquisition of a masculine or a feminine gender role is referred to as. This disorder is called: )self-blaming and overgeneralized explanations of bad events. )Freud's psychoanalysis. John has been having difficulties getting out of bed, and is not interested in going out with friends or even answering the phone. evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to predict that children are more likely to be valued by their biological fathers than by their stepfathers Evolutionary psychologists would most likely attribute gender differences in attitudes toward casual sex to the fact that men have _____ than do women greater reproductive potential )enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted. Compared with women, men are more likely to: c. perceive simple friendliness as a sexual come-on. genomes. c.)resilience. )exposure, desensitization, and relaxation. A researcher who assesses the heritability of intelligence is most likely a(n): Compared to identical twins, fraternal twins are ________ likely to be the same sex and ________ likely to be similar in extraversion. DNA and genes. c.)genuineness. c.)a smaller cerebral cortex. )the motivation to fulfill one's potential. d.)those not undergoing therapy often improve, but those undergoing therapy are more likely to improve, and to improve more quickly and with less risk of relapse. b. b. c.)empirically derived a. )Rogers' client-centered therapy. She knows a little about different therapies and has decided she doesn't want to get involved in anything long term. )linkage analysis. Which region of the brain will a fMRI show as active when a person is looking at a photo? d.)the attitudes-follow-behavior principle, You decide to make a positive change in your life. )dysfunctional disorder What was the increase or decrease in the agencys net position for the period examined? c.)Wilhelm Wundt; Elvis Marla's sense of social isolation and embarrassment result from the interaction of The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior and personality traits is known as A. molecular genetics. Copyright Cengage Learning. b. Abraham Maslow suggested that individuals who are open, spontaneous, and not paralyzed by the opinions of others display: a. c.)the superego factors that trigger us to behave aggressively towards others. He also wants a new cap, shirt, and sweater to match his father's. )the bystander effect. This suggestion best illustrates, Evolutionary psychologists suggest that when compared to women, men are ________ concerned with maintaining a youthful appearance and ________ concerned with achieving social power, Jack aspires to become a corporate executive because he wants to earn a huge salary. )25 )factor analytic b. Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to human. The political opinions of adopted children are closer to those of their adopted parents than those of their biological parents. c.)She can make sure the participants know that she has a Ph.D. from a prestigious university. a. The underlying assumption is that a demanding situation results in psychological distress and strain when decision latitude and control over characteristics of the situation are insufficient (e.g., Karasek et al. Evolutionary psychology focuses on how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time. )light exposure therapy. Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to predict that A) more people are biologically predisposed to fear guns than to fear snakes. b. b. ", Personality inventories are to _______________ as projective tests are to _______________. a. How can Dr. )aggressive instinct )psychodynamic therapy. b) molecular geneticist. )loss of appetite, especially for high-calorie foods A. larger bodies d.)Those not undergoing therapy often improve, but those undergoing therapy are more likely to improve, and to improve more quickly and with less risk of relapse. See Page 1. e. c.)normative social influence. d.)electrical activity. He does not judge her and is quite open to her exploration of her weaknesses. Cultural Consideration a.)2:3. Why?Because people are greedy.) However, when examining . Question 1. Rats that received unpredictable electric shocks in a laboratory experiment subsequently became apprehensive when returned to that same laboratory setting. Therefore, variations in cognition and behavior would make individuals more or less successful in reproducing and passing those genes to their offspring. )cognitive dissonance. )have normal frontal lobe cognitive functions. )generalized anxiety disorder b. b. d.)traits. Mar 4, 2023 12:01 AM. c.)mutation. The moment she walks into your house you start smiling, even before she says something funny. b. a. Sharon was admitted to the hospital with severe depression. Lars is an excellent violinist. c.)pleasure principle; moral principle Virtual reality exposure therapy is most likely to prove effective in the treatment of: c.)in reaction to abnormalities in brain chemistry. e. d.)passionate love. c.)behavioral consistency. A behavior geneticist would be most interested in studying hereditary influences on A. skin color. A sense of being separated from one's own body and watching oneself with a sense of detachment is a symptom of: )personality traits. d.)vary widely across cultures. The brains of people who suffer from depression tend to have low levels of: According to Carl Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person is known as: b.)types. left-handers generally demonstrate less artistic competence than right-handers. The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use a(n) This best illustrates racial differences in, The heritability of intelligence refers to. )exposure therapy. norms. )stimulus generalization. e. )helping clients identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences. b. Nellie is a 30-year-old who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. )more; more They have found that people worldwide spend an average of four hours a day on enhancing their beauty. )4 weeks a. d.)striving for superiority. )unconscious )antisocial Which of the following fictional research findings is the best evidence against the idea that "our lives are determined by our experiences"? Cognitive therapists are most likely to emphasize that emotional disturbances result from: Cross-cultural research on human development indicates that: b. developmental processes are highly similar among individuals raised in different cultures. Most psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2). )do not increase; increase d.)major depression. a. Which theory best explains why Abe adopted this new attitude? d.)All of these things classify Naima's behavior as a psychological disorder. He hears voices, has disturbed emotions, and his behavior is very bizarre and erratic. a.)schizophrenia. Once people have agreed to a small request, they have a tendency to comply with a larger request. The anterior cingulate cortex is especially likely to be hyperactive in those with: )cognitive therapy. a. To determine if the drug is effective, he should: b. Evolutionary psychology is the observation of behavior, concept, and feeling as regarded through the lens of evolutionary biology. Although her work performance is adequate, Gina almost always feels slightly down and sad. a. c.)phallic Her therapy is most likely: a. This study investigated singles' similarity preferences concerning their ideal partner's personality traits, physical attractiveness, and social resources, as well as potential moderators (fear of being single and mate value) and mediators (forecasted satisfaction). b. 1. Research from evolutionary perspective examines behaviour (aggression, mating, etc.) c.)social control. hippocampus Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute gender differences and attitudes towards sex to the fact that men have _____ than do women. Opposing counsel asks you if this is an objective instrument. )5 in 10 d.)extraversion. b.)deindividuation. b. What scientist contributed to evolutionary theory? But most days, he sits in a chair with no expression on his face. a.)transference. c. Child age . d.)Thomas, who has the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Which of the following is a key characteristic of her eating disorder? underestimating gender differences in mate selection. The role of Edgar's reactions in the gender-typing of his children would be of most direct concern to: According to gender schema theory, children become gender-typed because they, b. perceive much of reality in terms of masculinity and femininity. c.)linkage analysis. e. d.)obsessive-compulsive disorder. a. d.)conditioning. behavior and mental processes. a. c.)Employed men spend about an hour and a half more per day working than do employed women. c.)hope, a new perspective, and a caring relationship. Gina's chronic case of "the blues" is characteristic of the psychological disorder called: c. Consider the following joint probability table. d. The movement grew in opposition to the two mainstream 20th-century trends in psychology, behaviourism and psychoanalysis. c. synapses. The value of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is in part due to the effectiveness of b. c. )the mere exposure effect. Compared with many Asian and African parents, today's North American parents are more likely to teach their children to value: Compared to North American children, Chinese children are likely to exhibit ________ respect for authority and ________ shyness toward strangers. b. 1 in combination with 2 directs our attention as researchers not to parts of the brain but to the programs run by the brain. d. c. d.)molecular geneticist. )None of these would be an explanation for why your friend yelled at you. c.)hoarding disorder occipital lobes However, she does want to gain insight into the roots of her difficulties. A 3-month-old baby girl is always cheerful, relaxed, and predictable in terms of sleeping and eating. Her therapist suggests that her depression results from this self-blame, rather than blame of the slumping economy. fifties. b. d.)major depressive disorder. Patients receive a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment with: )length of time the client spends in psychotherapy. d.)social facilitation. Victor's mother is frustrated because she cannot get Victor involved in any activities. b. d. a. B) children are more likely to be valued by their biological fathers than by theirstepfathers. Research suggests that the chances are __________ that Billy will also suffer from bipolar disorder at some point in his life. d.)agoraphobia. These problems indicate that Jonah has: Evolutionary psychologists would most likely attribute Jack's motivation to, Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to be criticized for, Evolutionary psychology would probably have the most difficulty accounting for, c. differences in the sexual behavior patterns of Americans and Russians, Twin studies are of most direct concern to. a.)asexual. a. e. On the bus home, he was crying uncontrollably and suddenly became angered when a fellow passenger offered him a tissue. the way that genes solely create our personalities. d.)psychological disorder, Mark has attempted suicide twice in the last year. The social-cognitive perspective has linked the experience of depression with: c.)obsessive-compulsive disorder )stress effortless encoding of incidental information into memory. b. b. d.)A paper-and-pencil. )illustrate neural plasticity. a. What portion of the agencys assets are composed of cash (i.e., Fund Balance with Treasury)? Evolutionary psychology maintains that sex differences develop biologically as people adapt to changes in the environment. d.)3:1. d. This technique is known as the: D) genome research. d. The tendency to exaggerate the impact of child-raising practices on children's personalities has been most characteristic of: In the evolutionary view, any animal's brain and body are composed of mechanisms designed to work . Depending on environmental conditions, specific genes can be either )nicotine can temporarily increase norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter scarce in people with depression. cognitive psychology the study of the mental processes involved in perceiving, learning, remembering, thinking, communicating, and solving problems. d.)45. )A young woman marries a successful middle-aged man. Incorrect psychotherapy. c.)GABA. )binge eating an purging by self-induced vomitting, Patricia has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. Dr. Pimler is conducting a study on a new antipsychotic medication. f. Given that AAA has occurred, what is the probability that B4B_4B4 occurs? c.)selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Design an experiment to test whether drinking alcohol influences people's tendency to become socially aggressive. )generalized anxiety disorder. Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to human: genetic mutations.. What do psychologists who study evolution search for? a.)paraphilias. Sep. 1. This best illustrates the potentially harmful influence of, A stimulating environment is most likely to facilitate the development of a child's, Research on brain development suggests that repeated learning experiences seem to, a. strengthen neural connections at the location that processes the experiences, Jason was born with cataracts in both eyes. Bipolar disorder affects women and men in a ratio of: His absence of appropriate behavior is known as: Symptoms that can be incorrectly perceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of: )binge eating and purging by self-induced vomiting What is this process called? d.)are at increased risk for antisocial behavior. It is these programspsychological mechanismsthat are products of natural selection. Thus, her behavior is the result of: Dr. a. b. c.)selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). A) naturalistic observation . a greater proportion of women than men are left-handed. B) overemphasizing humans' capacity to learn and adapt to a variety of environments. a. Research on the causes of schizophrenia strongly suggests that: IQ scores can change drastically (more than one standard deviation) after children are provided enriched environments. c.)"It works better on females than on males." c.)behavioral conditioning therapy. Thus, genes are said to be: Dr. Miller is studying the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection. a. b. There are a host of factors that influence the salary that an evolutionary psychologist . c.)hope, a new perspective, and a caring relationship. )clients transfer their problems onto their therapists, but the problem still exists. See Page 1. )developmental psychology a. The professor's suggestion best illustrates a(n) ________ theory. )subjective scoring; objective scoring Received semiannual interest payment on the Distribution Transformers bonds. shyness; social group. d.)dysfunctional, d.)All these things classify Naima's behavior as a psychological disorder. b. a. MRI. Self-actualization is: )Freud; Billie Joe Armstrong The chances for recovery from schizophrenia are considered to be greatest when the disorder develops: Retrieve the most recent report for the agency you picked and answer the following questions. a. a. a. d.)persistent depressive disorder. d.)negative symptoms. Nadine has decided to seek help for some problems she is having. c.)harmony. Evolutionary psychology is most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to - 28529382 Tudily805 Tudily805 09/07/2022 b.)depression. Cancer survivors who develop a fresh delight in their children and who begin to savor the joy of each new day best illustrate: d.)almost anybody will develop schizophrenia if exposed to extensive environmental stress. c.)the foot-in-the-door phenomenon c.)temperament. As such, evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to predict that certain behaviors and traits are more likely to be present in individuals because they have been selected for over time due to their adaptive value in the environment in which they evolved. a. )Tonya, who has the positive symptoms of schizophrenia Dr. Miller is studying the evolution of behavior and the mind using principles of natural selection. )bipolar disorder. a. Extremely stressful experiences can change overall optimistic explanatory styles into more pessimistic styles. According to _____________, by altering your behavior you stand a good chance of changing your attitude. )is the source of sexual and aggressive instinctual drives. a. d.)persistent depressive disorder. The most controversial dissociative disorder involves extensive memory disruptions along with the presence of two or more distinct identities. )including some conditions that are too "normal" to be considered disorders, such as extreme sadness related to bereavement. To help Monica overcome her nearly irresistible craving for chocolate, a therapist provides her with a supply of chocolate candies that contain solidified droplets of a harmless but very bitter-tasting substance. religious beliefs; personality traits Billy has an identical twin who was recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder. In psychoanalysis, transference refers to the: c.)latent )evolutionary psychologists. Compared with northern Europeans, people from Mediterranean cultures are ________ likely to be emotionally expressive and ________ likely to be punctual, In comparison to 40 years age, today American women are more likely to marry for the sake of, Genes are to the perpetuation of individuals as ________ are to the perpetuation of cultures. c.)progressive relaxation. However, monogamous relationships can also be explained using an evolutionary perspective. d.)psychoanalysis. c.)mild depression. a. b. b. c. behavior correlations. )cultural practices. The beneficial consequence of a person's expecting that a treatment will be therapeutic is known as: a. d.)increase; increase, c.)being unable to remember one's own name or other important details about one's own life, Which of the following is an example of a dissociative experience that is pathological or abnormal? b. b. This best illustrates: Her judgment best illustrates: neurogenesis. Incorrect. Amanda blames herself for her recent job loss. Evolutionary theorists assert that gender differences in spatial abilities reflect the division of labour in ancestral hunting and gathering societies in which males typically handled the hunting and females the gathering. Pain is a ubiquitous phenomenon. The psycho dynamic approach got it's start from the work of Sigmund Freud. d.)not attainable. e. c.)less; more Recent brain research contradicts previously held beliefs, indicating that new neurons are actually formed in the brain. d.)patient attempting to blame friends and acquaintances for his or her problems. The early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by: William James Which psychologist was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology after Harvard University declined to give Mary Calkins the Ph.D.? )the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. b. home environment and school environment. b. \text{M\&D Corporation bonds}& \$1,460,000\\ Evolutionary psychologist studies human behaviour using informed biological approaches and modern evolutionary perspective. They vandalized the opposing team's field and the police had to be called in. C 5. )both a common language for labeling psychological disorders and comprehensive guidelines for diagnosing them. b. 6 Psychologists who take this perspective apply the basic principles of evolution (like natural selection) to psychological phenomena. d.)vary widely across cultures. Under hypnosis, they typically expressed a second personality when prompted to do so by the examining psychiatrist. b. Credit: Natterson-Horowitz et al. )The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) d.)generalized anxiety disorder. c.)schizophrenia patients suffer from a deficiency of the neurotransmitter serotonin. a. (True Answer )Correct interaction. The baby's temperament is most likely that of a(n): ____ is the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. According to your textbook, DSM-5 has been criticized for: Which of the following is TRUE regarding heredity? Evolutionary psychologists presume all human behaviours reflect the influence of physical and psychological predispositions that helped human ancestors survive and reproduce. c.)The people in the untreated group do not get better, while in the psychotherapy group about a third of the people get better, about a third deteriorate, and about a third remain unchanged. Dr. Miller is most likely a(n): a. In terms of Freud's theory of personality, Mary's memories are stored at the _____ level of awareness. An evolutionary psychologist would suggest that people are genetically predisposed to: In a group discussion, women are ________ likely than men to express support for others' opinions.