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[55] Hussein relented to the demands by dismissing Al-Rifai, and appointed Zaid ibn Shaker to form a new government. [37] On 22 September, the Syrians withdrew after the Jordanian army launched an air-ground offensive that inflicted heavy Syrian losses, and after Israeli Air Force jets flew over Syrian units in a symbolic show of support of Hussein, but did not engage. [90] The price of establishing peace with Israel in 1994 he had to pay domestically, with mounting Jordanian opposition to Israel concentrating its criticism on the King. [10] A telegram from Jordan was brought in to Hussein while he was staying with his mother abroad in Lausanne, Switzerland, addressed to 'His Majesty King Hussein'. King Hussein I bin Talal I held the following ranks: "King Hussein" redirects here. Hussein of Jordan is the 728th most popular . King Hussein I often publicly expressed his admiration. Hussein was 24 years old and recently divorced when he met Cabot, who gained moderate fame in the . "[67] Khaled Mashal recovered, but Jordan's relations with Israel deteriorated and Israeli requests to contact Hussein were rebuffed. After 1967 he engaged in efforts to solve the IsraeliPalestinian conflict. The survival of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is King Hussein's greatest achievement and enduring legacy. [32] President Nasser of Egypt denounced Hussein as an "imperialist lackey. After Talal became king in 1951, Hussein was named heir apparent. [67] In 1998 Jordan refused a secret request from Netanyahu to attack Iraq using Jordanian airspace after claiming Saddam held weapons of mass destruction. [13] Hussein subsequently asked Suleiman Nabulsi, leader of the Party, to form a government, the only democratically elected government in Jordan's history. [37] The next day, a force from Syria with PLO markings started advancing towards Irbid, which the fedayeen declared a "liberated" city. Hussein recounting his secret meetings with Israeli representatives[30], The events at Samu triggered large-scale anti-Hashemite protests in the West Bank for what they perceived as Hussein's incompetency for defending them against Israel: rioters attacked government offices, chanted pro-Nasser slogans, and called on Hussein to have the same fate as Nuri As-Said the Iraqi prime minister who had been killed and mutilated in 1958 along with the Iraqi royal family. [51] Hussein described the summit as one of the best moments in his life. [88] During the 1960s, Jordan's main industries including phosphate, potash and cement were developed, and the very first network of highways was built throughout the kingdom. [13] Hussein called this a "liberal experiment," to see how Jordanians would "react to responsibility. Jordan's former crown prince Hamzah bin Hussein, the half-brother of the country's ruler King Abdullah II, claims he has been placed in isolation and his communication cut off, in a video . [72] Batikhi discredited the King's brother Hassan, and often voiced his support for Hussein's eldest son Abdullah as successor. [2] Faisal was then King of Hashemite Iraq, but was under regency since he was the same age as Hussein. "[67], On 27 September 1997 eight Mossad agents entered Jordan using fake Canadian passports and attempted to assassinate Jordanian citizen Khaled Mashal, head of the Palestinian group Hamas. [37] One Israeli retaliation on a PLO camp based in Karameh, a Jordanian town along the border with the West Bank, developed into a full-scale battle. World: Middle East. [64] Consequently, the IAF's seats decreased from 34 to 21 seats out of 80. [37] Acting as a state within a state, the fedayeen disregarded local laws and regulations, and even attempted to assassinate King Hussein twice, leading to violent confrontations between them and the Jordanian army. Avi Shlaim's Lion of Jordan: The Life of King Hussein in War and Peace is the first major account one of the most important figures in the turbulent history of the Middle East. King Hussein of Jordan was born in Amman, Jordan on November 14, 1935. He was then educated at Victoria College in Alexandria, Egypt. Hours after the death of his father on February 7, 1999, Abdullah became king of Jordan; he was officially crowned on June 9. She's from Saudi Arabia. [29] Israeli writer Avi Shlaim argues that Israel's disproportionate retaliation exacted revenge on the wrong party, as Israeli leaders knew from their coordination with Hussein that he was doing everything he could to prevent such attacks. [50] The relationship between Hussein and Saddam became very close Hussein visited Baghdad 61 times between 1980 and 1990,[50] and Saddam used Hussein to relay messages to several countries, including the US and Britain. I really did not know how much more Hussein could take. [50] Iraqi aid helped Jordan's finances; Hussein had felt it humiliating to keep asking Gulf countries for assistance. A Valley man accused of murdering his actress mother may be the son of King Hussein of Jordan, . [44], Egypt and Syria launched the Yom Kippur War against Israel in the Sinai and in the Golan Heights on 6 October 1973 without Hussein's knowledge. [19] The alleged conspirators were sentenced to 15 years in absentia, but later on were pardoned by Hussein in 1964 as part of his reconciliation efforts with his exiled opposition, and were entrusted with senior positions in the government. [75] Doctors advised him to rest and stay in England for a few weeks, as he was still too fragile to travel. In 1970, Hussein expelled Palestinian fighters (fedayeen) from Jordan after they had threatened the country's security in what became known as Black September in Jordan. Crown Prince Hussein's fiance was raised in the Kingdom. The country had few natural resources, and a large Palestinian refugee population as a result of the 1948 ArabIsraeli War. [14] Nabulsi's government was forced to resign on 10 April. [60] Iraq's invasion of Kuwait caught Hussein by surprise; he was the ACC chairman at that time, and a personal friend of Saddam's. [60] The Iraqi-Jordanian relationship developed into the Arab Cooperation Council (ACC), which also included Egypt and Yemen, on 16 February 1989, serving as a counter to the Gulf Cooperation Council. [45] On 13 October Jordan joined the war and sent the 40thbrigade to assist the Syrians in the Golan Heights. [21] An officer in Jordan was arrested for plotting to assassinate Hussein. King Hussein of Jordan's height Unknown & weight Not Available right. [61] Jordan dispatched an armored division to its borders with Iraq, and Hussein's eldest son Abdullah was in charge of a Cobra helicopter squadron. [73] Encouraged by his presence, the two leaders agreed to resolve their difficulties. [61] Threats of a war between Israel and Iraq were rising, and in December 1990 Hussein relayed a message to Saddam saying that Jordan would not tolerate any violations of its territory. [13] Nabulsi wanted to move Jordan closer to Nasser's regime, but Hussein wanted it to stay in the Western camp. [25] With a calmed situation in Jordan, the King issued his slogan "Let us build this country to serve this nation. [22] Hussein, worried about a similar coup in Jordan, tightened martial law. Full body measurements, dress & shoe size will be updated soon. [55] Although most members of the commission were regime loyalists, it included a number of opposition figures and dissidents. [55] The National Charter sought to set a timetable for democratization acts. A photo posted by Queen Rania Al Abdullah (@queenrania) on May 22, 2016 at 12:12am PDT. [45] The plot did not deter Hussein from joining the summit, but at the end Jordan had to join all the Arab countries in recognizing the PLO as "the sole representative of the Palestinian people," a diplomatic defeat for Hussein. [23] Al-Shar'a was tried and received the death penalty; Hussein reduced his sentence to life imprisonment. [64] The treaty recognized Jordan's role in Jerusalem's holy sites, which angered Arafat who had sought such a position. Timothy served a prison sentence for involuntary manslaughter and died in 2003.[100]. Among Jordanians, his memory is cherished as the inspiration for Jordan's climate of . At the time of Hussein's accession in 1953, Jordan was a young nation and controlled the West Bank. [61] The effects of the Gulf War, the sanctions on Iraq, and the flow of refugees to Jordan were estimated by a UN report to be $1.5billion out of a gross domestic product (GDP) of $4.2billion in 1990, and $3.6billion out of a GDP of $4.7billion in 1991. [52] On 28 July Jordan terminated the West Bank development plan. [22] American troops landed in both Lebanon and Jordan as a show of support for pro-Western regimes in the region against the Nasserist tide. Hussein bin Talal (Arabic: , Al-usayn ibn all; 14 November 1935 7 February 1999) was King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death in 1999. [52] It called for Jordan rather than the PLO to represent the Palestinians; however, when Schultz contacted Hussein about the plan, he reversed his position and told him it was a matter for the PLO to decide. [44] Sadat then invited Al-Rifai and Hussein to a summit on 10 September 1973 with him and Hafez Al-Assad, who had become president of Syria. [51], On 9 December 1987 an Israeli truck driver ran over four Palestinians in a Gaza refugee camp, sparking unrest that spread to violent demonstrations in the West Bank. . Bush, Jimmy Carter, and Gerald Ford. [52], Jordan's disengagement from the West Bank led to a slowing of the Jordanian economy. [36] Israel rejected the resolution. Quote by King Hussein a year before his death. [52] Nevertheless, the Hashemite custodianship over the Muslim and Christian holy sites in Jerusalem was retained. [25] UAR agents assassinated Prime Minister Majali with a bomb planted in his office. [63] The Brotherhood also refused to participate in the National Congress where the King hoped to gather support for a peace settlement. [48], When the PLO moved to Lebanon from Jordan after 1970, repeated attacks and counter-attacks occurred in southern Lebanon between the PLO and Israel. [33] Shlaim argues that Hussein had possessed options, but had made two mistakes: the first was in putting the Jordanian army under Egyptian command; the second was in allowing the entry of Iraqi troops into Jordan, which raised Israeli suspicions against Jordan. He acted as a conciliatory intermediate between various Middle Eastern rivals, and came to be seen as the region's peacemaker. Hussein was born in Amman . [1] Hussein, a constitutional monarch, started his rule with what was termed a "liberal experiment", allowing in 1956 the formation of the only democratically elected government in Jordan's history. [26] His secret rapprochement with Israel was followed by a public rapprochement with Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1964, which bolstered Hussein's popularity both in Jordan and in the Arab world. [29] The incident drew fierce local criticism of Hussein amid feelings he had been betrayed by the Israelis; Hussein also suspected that Israel had changed its attitude towards Jordan and had intended to escalate matters in order to capture the West Bank. [42] Unlike the unitary state that had existed between the West Bank and Jordan during Jordan's annexation of the West Bank (19501967), this plan envisaged two federal entities on each bank of the Jordan River. The crown prince, Hussein, was therefore proclaimed the new King of Jordan's Hashemite Kingdom. Jordan's government has accused former crown prince Hamzah bin Hussein, the half-brother of the country's ruler King Abdullah II, of plotting to "destabilize" the country. [35] Al-Aqsa mosque is the third holiest site in Islam, believed to be where Muhammad ascended to heaven. [20] UAR-inspired conspiracies started to emerge against the Hashemite federation.