An identifiable trait of this jaggy-looking caterpillar is its two long black horns on its head. The antennae of male pupae are longer and broader than those of females and the wings of male pupae are longer than those of female pupae. Control of the caterpillars is difficult because by the time they are migrating from the trees, it is too late. The puss caterpillar - one of the most venomous of its kind in the USA - has appeared in Florida, Texas and South Carolina. For example, many caterpillars only feed on specific types of shrubs, plants, or trees. Newly-hatched larvae of the fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita). These caterpillars have two to four clusters of spines protruding from the rear of its body. Actually, they are brachypterous (short-winged) but cannot fly. Female fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita) applying secretion to her egg mass. Heppner JB. Though the adult moths do not sting, if they are seen in an area, it is safe and best to assume that the more dangerous larvae are nearby or will soon be born. Unlike other caterpillars in this list, Diprion pini is not from the moth or butterfly order Lepidoptera. Polyphemus moth caterpillars have a bright green, plump body with bright red dots in bumps around each segment. Types of Venomous Caterpillars (With Pictures) - Identification Guide, Furry Caterpillar Types with An Identification Chart and Pictures, Black and Orange Caterpillars (With Pictures) Identification Guide, Types of Arizona Caterpillars (With Pictures) - Identification Guide, Florida Caterpillars (Including Hairy and Fuzzy) with Pictures Identification Guide, types of caterpillars are easy to identify, large green larvae with black and yellow stripes, Types of Yellow Caterpillars (With Pictures), Types of Horned Caterpillars (With Pictures), Types of Striped Caterpillars (With Pictures). Leucostigma females cover their eggs with a frothy secretion but do not cover the secretion with setae (Ferguson 1978). Pupae appear hairy and have patches of dorsal spatulate setae (vesicles of Mosher 1916) on abdominal segments 1-3. In Florida, youll find this small, slender black and orange caterpillar munching through Passiflora plant foliage. Caterpillars are the larvae of moths and butterflies. The four major stinging caterpillars occurring in Florida are the Puss Caterpillar, Saddleback Caterpillar, IO Moth Caterpillar and Hag Caterpillar. Giant Silkworm Moth Caterpillar (Lonomia obliqua) Found in southern Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Argentina, the giant silkworm moth caterpillar is one of the top poisonous species of caterpillar. Pathogens: Orgyia caterpillars are infected by nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (Baculovirus) (Cunningham 1972) and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses (Cypovirus) (Hayashi and Bird 1968). Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. The milkweed tiger caterpillar is covered in tufts of colorful black, orange, yellow, and white hairs. It is found in great abundance particularly in Florida, United States where it thrives in tropical habitats. Polka-Dot Wasp Moth Caterpillar. Stings from this caterpillar are milder than the stings of other stinging caterpillars. 2010. Also, large numbers of larvae blown onto small landscape trees may result in severe defoliation. 15 pp. Only the three species that are found in Florida will be discussed here. In Florida, the overwintering eggs begin to hatch in late February. Buck moths are members of the family Saturniidae, which includes other dangerous insects like the lonomia obliqua. Fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita) caterpillar (light form). Each of the body segments features black tubercles that look like small round dots. The caterpillars may be contacted when they drop from the host trees or when they wander from the trees in search of a place to spin their cocoons. Figure 14. This is a defensive characteristic of some caterpillars to scare off predators. Youll notice that the stripy caterpillar has six large fleshy tentaclestwo pairs near its head and two shorter horns at its tail end. The southern flannel caterpillar (or puss caterpillar) is a type of hairy caterpillar that causes a nasty sting if you handle it. Fir tussock moth caterpillar (Orgyia detrita) exhibiting pose typical of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Baculovirus) infection. After hatching, the young larvae feed on the remaining egg mass and then spin a silk thread that they use to balloon for dispersal (Thurston 2002). Those infected with nuclear polyhedrosis virus typically die in a characteristic pose - hanging limp by their prolegs. These caterpillars are covered in soft hairs that seem like fun to touch but fight the urge! Catalogue of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of North America north of Mexico. Gries R, Khaskin G, Khaskin E, Foltz JL, Schaefer PW, Gries G. 2003. Although its hairy body looks soft, poisonous spines lurk underneath and can break off in your skin, causing severe pain. Introduction and Catalog. Figure 31. Black swallowtail caterpillars are large green larvae with black and yellow stripes around their segments. The subfamily of Hemileucinae among Saturniidae, consisting of roughly 630 species and unique to the continents of North and South America, characteristically contains larvae bearing toxic spines. E.W. The hickory horned devil gets its name from the menacing red horns at its head. The monarch caterpillar is a type of striped, horned Florida caterpillar that has black, white, and yellow colors. White feathery spines also stick out from its sides. Orgyia leucostigma was formerly placed in the genus Hemerocampa. Male fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita). Redhumped Caterpillar (Schizura concinna). Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. Spines have a toxin gland at the base that is released when spines break off into the skin. 7 Poisonous Caterpillars in Florida (Venomous) by Critter Hideout Caterpillars are well known as the leaf-eating larva of various butterflies and moths. Photographs by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. The evolving global epidemiology, syndromic classification, management, and prevention of caterpillar envenoming. Orgyia definita: Entire eastern U.S. Meghan Overdeep has more than a decade of writing and editing experience for top publications. 1. Once in your skin these hairs cause sudden or gradually building pain depending on the specific caterpillar. Fully grown caterpillars are about 2 cm long. A few species are known to sting, which can cause mild skin irritations, but none contain venom that may be harmful to people. Common hosts in other parts of its range include oak, maple, hackberry, birch, and willow (Wagner 2005). The striped caterpillars grow up to 2 (5 cm) long. Learn all about garden moths: important pollinators. Young children from Florida to North Carolina are reporting excruciating pain after coming into contact with the most venomous caterpillar in the U.S., the furry puss caterpillar ( Megalopyge . Photograph by Lyle J. Buss, University of Florida. While most butterflies and moths are likely non-toxic to hungry humans, a few species -- like the familiar monarch butterfly (Family Nymphalidae) -- feed on poisonous or unpalatable plants as larvae. The polyphemus moth caterpillar is a type of green, silk-spinning caterpillar found in Florida. has been confirmed as a host in Florida, but other host plants are also likely (Heppner 2003). The identifiable features of the black swallowtail are its green body with black, yellow-dotted bands around each of its segments. The Zebra Longwing ( Heliconius charithonia) butterfly is easy to recognize by the zebra-like pattern on its wings. The larval stage of the buck moth is covered in branched spines that deliver a powerful sting upon contact with a perceived enemy. The buck moth caterpillar also has a rounded shiny black head. Hairy forest tent caterpillars mature at 2.5 (6.5 cm) long. Taming an invasive plant that's 8 feet tall and poisonous is no small feat, especially if you're a tiny moth. Larvae: Larvae are 1-1.5 inches in length. Monkey Slug Caterpillar (Phobetron pithecium). Some are more poisonous than others. The puss caterpillar is one of the "most venomous caterpillars in the U.S.," and it's making its seasonal return to at least one unlucky Southern state. As the green larva matures, its pale-yellow translucent head with fake eyespots turns a rusty-red color. The eight-spotted forester larva is an orange caterpillar with bands of white and black stripes around its body. White Flannel Moth Caterpillar (Norape ovina) The mature white flannel moth caterpillar can reach 1-1/4 inch in length. Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. The species is found from New Jersey to Florida and west to Arkansas and Texas. Predation of small and large. 2012, Atrubin & Granger 2006, Cruse et al. Luna moth caterpillars have a characteristic habit of raising the front part of their body. As the plump caterpillars devour plant leaves, they go through various stages called instars. Tomato Hornworm (Manduca quinquemaculata). Foltz (personal communication) counted egg masses on cocoons and found that there were far less than the 50 percent that would be expected based on a 50:50 ratio of females to males obtained by laboratory rearings. Some people experience severe reaction to the poison released by the spines and . Forester moth caterpillars grow up to 4.7 ( 12.5 cm) in their final instar. Bagworms are unusual types of shiny black or dark brown caterpillars that are difficult to spot. Pruritic (itching) dermatitis due to tussock moth caterpillars has been reported to be a problem at child day-care centers and elementary schools in Florida (Atrubin et al. As the long-tailed skipper caterpillar matures, its body becomes pale green, and it develops pinkish patterns. Floridians recall being stung by puss caterpillars In 2018, a Florida teen described the sting as feeling like his wrist was "on fire." "It's burning," 15-year-old Logan Pergola told his mom, as a . The University of Florida says that some caterpillar species have stinging hairs called urticating hairs. In addition, the ovoid-shaped caterpillar has venomous spiny poison-filled tubercles that can sting. Moths are dangerous to pets and human beings since they contaminate human food and pet food. Some less common ones also occur in the state. Atrubin D, Granger K. April 28, 2006. However, there are techniques a homeowner can use to decrease the pressure by the Household Casebearer. After mating, the females lay a mass of eggs directly on the cocoon and cover them with a protective covering. Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. Figure 27. Orgyia detrita (the fir tussock moth) is the most common of the species in Florida followed by Orgyia leucostigma (the whitemarked tussock moth) and finally Orgyia definita (the definite tussock moth), which is rare in Florida (Foltz 2004). This article is an identification guide to Floridas exotic, scary, stinging, horned, furry, and smooth-bodied caterpillars. Tussock moths in the genus Orgyia are small moths that are best-known because of their attractive larvae. It is also called the hairy caterpillar. The tomato hornworm is a bright green caterpillar with V-shaped markings and a row of eye-like markings along its sides. These caterpillars feed on a variety of woody plants including oaks, dogwood, and apple. Figure 10. Figure 24. Her expertise extends from weddings and animals to every pop culture moment in between. Detrita and definita females cover their eggs with a secretion and then rub setae from their bodies onto the secretion to form a protective layer over the eggs. One of the most venomous caterpillars in the U.S., the puss. This caterpillar has a characteristic trait of rolling up to defend itself. Io moth caterpillars grow to be 6.5 cm long; they are pale green with a white and a red strip down the length of their bodies. If you suspect your cat has been bitten by a poisonous spider, get to the veterinarian right away. American dagger moth caterpillars grow up to 2 (5 cm) long. The American dagger moth caterpillar is covered in yellow feathery spines with two pairs of long black spines on its back and a single black tuft of pencil-like hairs at its rear. Spiny oak-slug caterpillars have a range of colors but can generally be identified by their oval, stout bodies, and their abundance of spiny protrusions. Additionally, it is called an asp caterpillar because the painful sting can be as excruciating as a snake bite. Gulf fritillary caterpillars mature at 0.5 (1.2 cm) in length. The following wasp parasitoids of Orgyia definita and Orgyia leucostigma are recorded by Krombein et al. Caterpillars of Eastern North America. Residents in Central Florida are warning others that the "Puss Caterpillars," often described as being. (1960) studied the histopathology of a sensitive person and reported perivascular concentrations of eosinophils and leucocytes beneath the irritated areas. A banded woolly bear caterpillar is easy to identify due to the two black bands at its head and tail ends and a brown band around its middle. Orgyia leucostigma, is the most common of the tussock moths in Florida. These caterpillars get their name from their appearance. (Photo: Sturgis McKeever; Georgia Southern University; Bugwood.org). This appears when the caterpillar is threatened, and it looks like a forked snakes tongue. The University of Florida recommends euthanizing them by rubbing or spraying 20% benzocaine toothache gel or sunburn spray (not 5% lidocaine) on the . Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. Most common in Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states (Ferguson 1978, Orgyia definita entry at North American Moth Photographers Group web site). These caterpillars do not possess stingers, but have spines (nettling hairs) that are connected to poison glands. A Florida woman posted on Facebook that she was hospitalized after. TAMPA, Fla. (WFLA) It might look soft and hairy, but experts warn to look, not touch. Other symptoms may include headaches, nausea, vomiting, intense abdominal distress,. A bizarre little insect that looks like a walking toupe and squirts venomous pus from knifelike spines is terrorizing Virginia this year, according to the state's Department of Forestry (VDoF).. The parasitoid cocoons are cloaked by the silk covering (spun by the wasp larvae) beneath the parasitized caterpillar (Inset: parasitoid cocoons from under silk covering - wasps have already emerged). These are barbed bristles or spines that can lodge in your skin and break off. Health officials said the Orgyia leucostigma is also known as the white-marked tussock moth. The Asp: A Caterpillar That's Dangerous for Pets. Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. Gilmer (1925) conducted histological studies of the urticating setae of Orgyia leucostigma and found that each seta has a venom gland at its base. You can often spot forester moth caterpillars feeding on herbaceous plants in Florida. Megalopyge opercularis is a moth of the family Megalopygidae. Saddleback caterpillars are brown on the front and back ends and the middle of the caterpillar is green with a brown oval (the border is usually bordered with white). The Io moth caterpillar is a green stinging caterpillar that you can find in Florida. Crystal River, FL 34429 Phone: 352-563-6363 For technical issues, email webadmin@chronicleonline.com. Part II. Orgyia detrita: Although the common name is fir tussock moth, the only documented hosts are oaks and bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) (Ferguson 1978). Southern Flannel Caterpillar (Megalopyge opercularis). 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Here are 15 species of poisonous caterpillars from around the world. The characteristics of the red admiral caterpillar that helps identify it are a shiny black body covered in bands of spiny spikes. To identify poisonous Florida caterpillars, look for a fuzzy body with stinging spines. The spines have toxin glands at their base, the toxin is released when the spines make contact with skin. The menacing stinging horns at either end of the caterpillar stand at 45. Browntail moths are most common along Maine's coast . Spines cause sudden stinging redness and swelling in the affected area. Borror DJ. For example, many caterpillars only feed on specific types of shrubs, plants, or trees. Four poisonous species of caterpillars have been found in South Florida: the saddleback, puss, io and the hag. Names from Arnaud (1978) have been updated by OHara and Wood (2004) and OHara (2012). The spiny caterpillars can be yellow or orange-red and have a distinctive band of thin purple stripes along their back. 632-633) listed the following tachinid parasitoids of Orgyia leucostigma: Bessa selecta (Meigen), Carcelia amplexa (Coquillet), Carcelia perplexa Sellers, Carcelia yalensis Sellers, Compsilura concinnata (Meigen), Drino inconspicua (Meigen)*, Euphorocera claripennis (Macquart), Euphorocera edwardsii (Williston), Exorista lobelia Coquillet (currently Nilea lobelia [Coquillet]), Exorista mella Walker, Leshenaultia spp., Lespesia aletiae (Riley), Lespesia frenchii (Williston), Patella leucaniae (Coquillet), Phorocera spp., Sisyropa spp., Winthemia datanae (Townsend), and Winthemia quadripustulata (Fabricius). Its easy to identify an azalea caterpillar due to its rusty brown or orange oval head, black and green stripes, and brownish-orange tail end. Immediate, excruciating pain is inevitable and should be expected. Urticating hairs are barbed hairs that easily break off the caterpillars body when the caterpillar is brushed against and can embed in a person or animals skin. In 2017, a Florida woman's 5-year-old son accidentally stepped on one as he played outside. Spiny Oak-Slug Caterpillar Euclea delphinii. Florida Museum of Natural History photo by Andrei Sourakov. Among Floridas exotic and strange-looking caterpillars are fuzzy, striped, and unusual-looking horned caterpillars. The spiny hairs are also urticating, meaning they will cause itching or dermatitis if they break off and stick in your skin. Allergic reactions may occur and symptoms should be closely monitored. "A puss caterpillar sting feels like a bee sting, only worse. Males are difficult to distinguish, but fresh specimens of Orgyia leucostigma and Orgyia definita have a purplish tint that is lacking in Orgyia detrita. However, they may occasionally be sufficiently numerous to completely defoliate large trees. Their stings are "considered among the most agonizing of afflictions," according to . Its spikes carry a high level of poison known to cause death. Female whitemarked tussock moth (Orgyia leucostigma) on egg mass. Used with permission. They are native to the Caribbean and its range is across South America, Mexico and the Southeastern United States including Florida. Gainesville, Florida. The characteristic trait of the small cabbage loopers is the arching or looping movements they make when crawling on plants. Although the fir tussock moth is not a highly familiar moth even to most entomologists, an image of an adult male does appear in a popular design used on ornamental paper, wall art, journal covers, purses, and fabric (Tim Holtz, personal communication). Some bites cause localized reactions that turn into major wounds. When touched, the poisonous spines break off in the skin and cause severe pain. Beneath those soft hairs are stiff spines attached to poison glands. ECLECTIC ELEMENTS (PWTH004.TAUPE Butterflight). Figure 22. The larva of the common pine sawfly is a light green caterpillarwith a line of black dots along each side and a single black line along its back. Every day, Florida poison centers receive calls about bites and stings from insects and spiders. 410 pp. The cloudless sulphur caterpillar grows 1.6 to 1.8 (4 4.5 cm) in length. To identify the forester moth caterpillar, look for a bright yellow caterpillar with black markings along its back and sides. It'll also put you in a world of pain. For a detailed taxonomic history and synonyms, see Ferguson (1978). Because they will eat almost anything, including herbs, tree leaves, and grasses, they can be found pretty much anywhere plants are growing. Figure 13. The tiny brown hairy caterpillars grow up to 1 (2.5 cm). Additionally spines contain a toxin that can cause rashes of round, red, swelling welts that itch, and even tissue damage. Journal of Chemical Ecology 29(3): 589-601. . Orgyia definita: Only willow (Salix sp.) The sex pheromones of Orgyia detrita and Orgyia leucostigma have been characterized (Grant et al. Note purple tint on wings and white tornal spot. The identifiable feature of the tiger swallowtail is its strange eye-like markings on either side of its head. Hillsborough County (Florida) Health Department. Florida is home to many types of caterpillars. 1. The bella moth was eating the plant's poisonous seeds, which help it produce chemical defenses that make the moths and their eggs unpalatable to would-be predators. A large infestation of bagworms can quickly defoliate trees. Hickory horned devil caterpillars can grow up to 5.5 (14 cm) long. Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. Dropping from host plants in response to predators by a polyphagous caterpillar. The state Department of Forestry is warning residents to be on the lookout for . White-Marked Tussock Caterpillar (Orgyia leucostigma). Instead, it is the larvae of the pine sawflya brown, winged insect that looks like a type of wasp. You can identify the giant leopard caterpillar by its sharp black spine and red band around its body. The tiger swallowtail is an unusual caterpillar due to its dark green body, smooth surface, and distinctive eyespots on its head. Look for jaggy horn-like upward-pointing spikes along its back and small clumps of spines along its sides. Caterpillars and Moths. Mayfield Publishing Company. Medina and Barbosa (2002) looked at predation of small and large Orgyia leucostigma larvae in a temperate forest and suggested that birds were the major predators of large larvae but most mortality of smaller larvae was probably due to failure to find a suitable host during ballooning dispersal and also possibly to predation by invertebrate predators in the leaf litter. Pipevine swallowtail caterpillars grow 2 (5 cm) long. In addition, look for the four horns at the head and a tail at its rear. Heppner (2003) listed plants belonging to 116 genera that have been reported as hosts. Much of the older literature places the tussock moths in the family Liparidae and more recently in the . Detrita and U.S. populations of leucostigma have bright red heads while definita are unique because of their tan or yellow heads. Most bugs and spiders native to Florida are not dangerous to people. In Florida, you can see these striped caterpillars on fruit trees, cottonwood, walnut, and willow trees. A comparative study of the poison apparatus of certain lepidopterous larvae. Welts resulting from contact with Orgyia hairs usually appear within minutes and subside by the next day, but itching and erythema commonly continue for another day or two. These caterpillars can be perceived as dangerous and poisonous given their color. Queen Butterfly Caterpillar (Danaus gilippus). Ferguson DC. The spiny oak slug caterpillar has a recognizable green body with three pairs of large spikes with black-tipped spines at the head and two similar horn-like spines at the rear. Young larvae eat holes in leaves. Banded Woolly Bear Caterpillar (Pyrrharctia isabella). The green and black stripes and orange markings make the voracious larvae easy to spot on azaleas, rhododendrons, and apple trees. Fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita) cocoon with egg mass covered with setae from females abdomen. The southern flannel caterpillar also has the common name puss caterpillar because it looks like a Persian cat. Red admiral caterpillars grow 1 (2.5 cm) long. Home owners develop dermatitis from contact with the cocoons while removing them from the soffits of houses. The luna moth caterpillar grows to 3.5 (9 cm) in length. An Io moth caterpillar has an identifiable green body, tufts of urticating spines, and a colorful red and white stripe running the length of its body just above its legs. Other traits of the pipevine swallowtail caterpillar are two rows of bright orange dots along its back. When human skin or those of pets are exposed to these excretions, it results in allergic reactions and in other cases . Figure 1. Photograph by Jerry F. Butler, University of Florida. The distinctive caterpillar can look like a dead hairy spider or old leaf. Gulf Fritillary Caterpillar (Dionevanillae). It has a black head and a lemon yellow body. 8. Dictionary of Word Roots and Combining Forms. These small insects are one of the country's most venomous . Lepidoptera of Florida. Buck moth caterpillars have a dark form and a light form; both forms have dark, lateral rows of multi-branched spines along their backs. Tussock moth caterpillar You can find red admiral caterpillars feeding on stinging nettle leaves. Polka-Dot was Moth caterpillars have the longest bristle hairs of all caterpillars in Florida. Young caterpillars feed exclusively on new growth but mature larvae feed on older foliage as well. Mature bagworms can grow up to 1 (2.5 cm) long. In the year 2000, only 70 of 730 (9.6%) cocoons he examined had egg masses suggesting a high rate of mortality. Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. Figure 18. New York, New York. The Florida cecropia moth caterpillar, is an easy-to-identify fat caterpillar that has pronounced segments with rows of blue and yellow fleshy bumps, black spikes, and several orange tubercles at its head. Princeton University Press. If control measures are required, chemical insecticide or Bacillus thuringiensis applications recommended for control of other caterpillars should be effective. Detrita also lacks the whitish tornal spot of leucostigma and definita (Ferguson 1978). Definita is also lighter in body color than the other two species (Foltz 2004). Plants they feed on include blueberries, corn, elms, oaks, apple, citrus, and asters. . This green Florida caterpillar has a pale-yellow stripe running along its sides. Cecropia Moth Caterpillar (Hyalophora cecropia). The pain immediately and rapidly gets worse after being stung, and can even make your bones hurt," University of Florida entomologist Don Hall told National Geographic. 1960, Knight 1922) and clinical dermatology (Hossler 2009 & 2010 ) literature. The luna moth caterpillar is a light green crawling insect with a plump body, red dots, and tufts of small spines. It is yellow-brown to purplish-black with many small white spots and a reddish head. Like many types of caterpillars, the polyphemus moth caterpillars look slightly different in each instar. Early cocoon of fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita) before many setae are incorporated. Petersen Field Guide to Moths of Northeastern North America. The caterpillar of the Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth (Orgyia pseudotsugata) feeds on firs, spruce, Douglas-firs, and other evergreens of the western United States and are a major cause of their defoliation. Also, caterpillars in Florida can be green, yellow, black, or multi-colored. Be prepared to tell them which plant and which part of the plant was eaten, how much was consumed and whether there are any immediate symptoms.