A person standing at point "F" would only be visible to a person standing at: Examine the figure below. The intersection between the landscape and the horizontal paper marks the location of the contour lines on a two-dimensional map. On this map, what is the change in elevation between two adjacent index contour lines? Introductory Physical Geology Laboratory Manual First Canadian Edition (v.3 - Jan 2020) by Joyce McBeth; Karla Panchuk; Tim Prokopiuk; Lyndsay Hauber; and Sean Lacey is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Mathematically, a contour line is a curve in two dimensions on which the value of a function f (x, y) is a constant. Intervals involvinq the tonal centre, and their directions of movement -1 1 0 0 0 -1 0 1 0 0 -9 0 0 0 -8 1 0 0 -7 0 0 0 -6 . Index contours are bold or thicker lines that appear at every fifth contour line. slope percent = (120ft / 1000ft) 100 = 12% (5 pts) The following topographic map (Map 7-E3) is from a coastal area and features an interesting geological hazard in addition to the ocean. In the context of evolution through natural selection, explain why multicellular organisms have specialized exchange systems and surfaces. The difference between adjacent contour lines. tilting. To construct a profile, you need graph paper, a ruler, and a pencil. Would the recurrence interval for this flood plot at: Is it possible that a flood with a similar discharge to that of the event from 9/23/2009 could happen again in the next 20 years? The final answer we get after dividing is the contour interval of the specific topographical map. For producing a detailed study of elevation of each index contour line. This content is subject to copyright. separating in cm/year? Locations A and B are at the same elevation. Contour Interval on Topographic Map. The height of an object above the surface of the sea. Write your answer in feet. (5 pts) Construct a topographic profile for the map inFigure 7-E6 from position A to A on the graph paper provided in Figure 7-E6 below. Considering the size of the area to be mapped, contour intervals are assumed. Vertical If the relief is high (bigger change) you will need a bigger contour interval. Contour Lines and Intervals Contour lines connect all the points on a map that have the same elevation and therefore reveal the location of hills, mountains, and valleys. Locate the state boundary between Nebraska and Iowa along the Missouri River. The steepest path on a topographic Surface is always perpendicmar to topographic contour at the point where the flowline crosses the contour. Index contours increase by 250. Show your work! The highest point on a topographic map is marked as 345m. Mark (1 pt) If someone decided to climb Mount Price, what would be the easiest and safest route to take? Lines: Contour lines are used to determine elevations and are lines Write your answer in feet. These circular patterns indicate hilltops, like in the diagram below (Figure 3.6). Sharp contour points indicate pointed ridges. Measure in centimeters the distance (Map Length) between the two points you recorded in the previous question. Table of Contents and lab manual chapter pdf files for download, Overview of Canadian Geology and Mineral and Energy Resources, 4. 9.4) to estimate the elevation of this point as accurately as possible. Join now! To calculate this divide the distance (in centimeters) between the two islands by the difference in their ages. he areas enclosed by contour lines at 5 m interval for a reservoir upto the face of the proposed dam are as shown below value of Contour lines 100,510l0,1015,1020,1025,1030,1035 Area (m2) 653/2 ,653, 653*2, 653*8, 653*18 ,653*25 , 653*40 Taking 1005m and 1035 m as the bottom most level and the highest water level achievable of the reservoir. (2 pts) What is the gradient between Garibaldi Lake and Mount Price? How far did the pole move? Note: elevation is metres above sea level; thus, sea level = ______ m. 2. The Wadati-Benioff zone is associated with which type of plate boundary? Make sure to zoom out to get a good view of the relevant features. Start climbing from the foot of a hill toward the top, this is called a rising slope (see Fig. fairmount. Terms and conditions apply. lines enclose smaller and smaller areas. which means that every place between the marked 6800 foot line and the next (3 pts) Based on the scale chosen for you for the topography (vertical axis), calculate the amount of vertical exaggeration on the topographic profile you constructed for question 4. Q. Here two contour line, side by side are 790 m and 780 m. Between them there is no contour line. See example under CONTOUR/SPACING below. Also no adds. USask GEOL 121 Lab Final Exam Overview. Now look farther south of Sloans Crossing at Hwy. For example, if you wanted to do a contour line drawing of a pear, you'd simply draw the outline of the pear, add a stem, and stop there. See the example under CONTOUR/SPACING below. What is the physical state of a dry mantle rock at point X? A contour interval is a vertical distance or a difference in elevation between contour lines in a topographic map, index contour lines are bold or thick lines that appear on every fifth contour line and if the number associated with specific contour lines is increasing, the elevation of the area is also increasing. 1 ft = 24,000 ft, and 24,000 ft x (\(\frac{1\;km}{3280\;ft}\)) = 7.32 km. (a) Suggest what the 100S100 \mathrm{~S}100S and 130S130 \mathrm{~S}130S particles might represent, in light of current knowledge of protein synthesis. 1) The contour interval between contour is 40m. The difference between two adjacent contours is called the contour interval, which is 10 ft for the Figure 2-2 example. how old is the sequence of rocks. Math can be challenging, but with a little practice, it can be easy to clear up math tasks. Use the index contour just above the "m" in Temple Canyon for your initial spot. Contour lines that are far apart show what type of slope? Assume value is an integer variable. Map A high relief. Why is mass so important to a stars life? index contour lines are generally darker and are marked with their elevations. It is impossible to determine which location is higher. Given that this portion of Pangaea broke apart 200,000,000 years ago, calculate how fast South America and Africa are The direction system is useful but imprecise. Each contour line shows a different elevation. How are the tops of hills, mountains or depressions (dips) shown on a topographic map? A profile may be constructed Write your answer in feet. In most maps, every fifth contour line is an index contour. Generally, there are totally distinct contour intervals for various maps. Explain how you made this decision. which Geologic Law did you use to come to the conclusion you made in the previous question (figure 1.8)? The small contour interval, the survey work and plotting have to be more accurate. Lakes/Ponds. maps also have a vertical scale to allow the determination of a point in three 2. Now draw contour lines on your map to represent the pyramid in three-dimensions on your map. (1 pt) Find Deadmans Lake (it is located close to Cheakamus River and south of Daisy Lake; refer to Figure 7-E8 which is a close up from the map area). Index contours are bold or thicker lines that appear at every fifth contour line. How far apart are North America and Mainland Asia in cm? 2.The contour interval is 0.025 N m 2.The thick black contour is zero. dimensional space. As contour intervals are for the calculation of vertical elevation of an area, same way to calculate the horizontal distance it is termed as Horizontal Equivalent. 40 feet - 20 feet = 20 feet D 009 -800 N O a) 10 b) 20 D -600 -800 N a) 10 Ob) 20 c) 40 d) 50 Which point (A,B,C, D) has an elevation of 344 feet? Zoom out and examine the surrounding area, what geological hazards are likely in the area? Was Carter Lake cut off before or after the state boundary between Nebraska and Iowa was drawn? 50m. Use a contour interval of 4 inches. Hint- make sure to re-read the section on plate boundaries before answering! To calculate the vertical exaggeration in the topographic profile shown in Figure 3.6 we divide the horizontal scale by the vertical scale: (\(\frac{\frac{1000\;ft}{1\;inch})}{(\frac{100\;ft}{inch}}) = 10\). Constructing a topographic map by drawing in contours can be easily done if a person remembers the following rules regarding contour lines: As you draw a contour line on a map you will notice that the elevations on one side of your line will be lower elevations, and elevations on the other side of your line will be higher elevations. lowest line (which is 6760 feet, and not marked) has an elevation equal or greater What is the longitude for the Washington Monument, locate the base of the monument. 300 A. be found. What features would you expect to occur at this type of boundary? Location B is higher. Possible contours include 500', 520', 540', 560', 580', 600', 620', etc. To take the difference, subtract the higher elevated line with the lower elevated line reading. 14. 500/10=50 A contour is a line drawn on a map that joins points of equal height above sea level. He wants to follow the easiest possible path, which means he needs to find the most gentle slope up the mountain. The more closely spaced the 3. Refer to Problem 14.1 for guidance. The desired unit is feet. Sensor stability as characterized through mean absolute differences (MARD) on every study day including only sensors inserted on study day 1. None of these. In what general direction is the Pacific Plate moving? What direction is the North American plate moving in comparison to the Pacific Plate at this location? An error message is displayed. of paper along a line across the area where the profile is to be constructed. (2 pts) What is the relief on this map? the result from the nearest marked contour line. contour (X,Y,Z) specifies the x and y coordinates for the values . interval. What do close contour lines represent on a map? The image to the left shows a perspective view of a river mouth at the head of a valley between a steep cliff (to the left) and a smoother slope (to the right). Put simply, contour lines mark points of equal elevation on a map. A darker, heavier contour line that is labeled with an elevation. How is the top of a mountain shown on a topographic map? (Answer to the nearest foot.) Now count the number of non-index lines contour lines between the 2 index contour lines selected for the contour interval calculating in the 1st step. Contour lines The difference between Contour intervals and Horizontal Equivalent are tabulated below: Contour Lines and Its Types, Characteristics and Uses in Surveying. Source: Karla Panchuk (2020) CC BY-SA 4.0, adapted from Joyce M. McBeth (2018) CC BY-SA 4.0 (view source) and Brad Deline (2017) CC BY-SA 3.0 (view source). Vertical exaggeration is the effect that is created when the horizontal and a. in Figure 9.4, what is the elevation of the intersection of U.S. Route 1 and Maine Route 6 in Topsfield? Would you expect the gradient of the Missouri River in Nebraska to be greater or less than the gradient that you calculated for the Grape River in Colorado? The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points in the area on the map. For example, the first hill on the left has a top contour line of 50ft. How are depressions marked on a topographic map? Closely spaced We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. through a particular interval. What type of plate tectonic boundary is present? Each contour line shows a different elevation. Definition of Contour: A contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. Expert Answer. The speed the islands are sinking can be estimated by measuring the difference in elevation between two islands and dividing by the difference in their ages (this method assumes the islands were a similar size when they were active). Is the church likely to be at risk of contamination from this same leak? When the vertical dimension of your graph is different from the horizontal dimension on your map, you may end up with a graph that shows a vertical exaggerationand the features of the Earth represented by your topographic profile may be deformed such as in Figure 3.7. What is the term for the geologic feature called Carter Lake? map. characteristics of contour lines: 1. Transcribed image text: How far have the snake fossils moved apart since they were originally deposited? The other side is covered with a layer of fiberglass 2.5cm2.5 \mathrm{~cm}2.5cm thick. Where does it wind up? Location A is higher. Locate the Louisville and Nashville Railroad line just south of Hwy. In the above figure, the dark lines with reading are index contour lines. The word contour comes from French, and it is defined as meaning the "outline" of a subject, it often defines a form or an. A thumbnail version of the map is shown in Figure 7-E7,a larger copy is provided at the back of this lab manual, and your TA will provide you with a full-scale version of the map in lab. Taking the area to be mapped, contour intervals are considered. Extra Practice Question on Topographic Maps, Overview of Geological Structures Part 1: Strike, Dip, and Structural Cross-Sections, Exercises on Geological Structures Part 1: Strike, Dip, and Structural Cross-Sections, Overview of Geological Structures Part 2: Folds, Faults, and Unconformities, Exercises on Geological Structures Part 2: Folds, Faults, and Unconformities, 6. Explain why. 15. It is south of Mammoth Cave. above or below it, multiplying by the contour interval, and adding or subtracting First Edition. What does a contour interval mean - A contour interval is a vertical distance or the difference in the elevation between the two contour lines in a. . At 2900 Km the S wave velocity falls to 0. 16. Using a contour interval of 40 m, label the elevation of every contour line on the map below. In Figure 9.4, what is the elevation of the highest point on Hunt Ridge (keep in mind step #4 from the first question)? The. . Pick two contour lines that are next to each other and find the difference in associated numbers. Its Calculation, Uses and When it is Required, Factors Affecting the Selection of Contour Interval. Considering the map, the following steps are used to calculate the contour intervals calculation as follows . Point D is marked at 10,000 elevation and the next label is marked as 10,500 elevation. This may be easier to determine by examining the tributaries to the main stream. C. The figure above illustrates a depression and its representation using contour lines. Select the 225 feet; half the contour interval lower than 250 feet. up or down from the nearest index contour line and multiplying by the contour What type of tectonic plates are present? Joyce McBeth; Karla Panchuk; Tim Prokopiuk; Lyndsay Hauber; and Sean Lacey, 1.3 GEOLOGY & RESOURCE MAPS FOR CANADIAN PROVINCES & TERRITORIES, 1-E1 LAB EXERCISES CANADIAN GEOLOGY & MINERAL AND ENERGY RESOURCES, 1-E2 LAB EXERCISES REGIONAL GEOLOGY & MINERAL AND ENERGY RESOURCES, 2-E1 LAB EXERCISES MINERAL IDENTIFICATION, 3.5 IGNEOUS ROCK FORMATIONINTRUSIVE VS. EXTRUSIVE, 3.6 LAB EXERCISES IGNEOUS ROCK IDENTIFICATION, 4-E1 LAB EXERCISES SEDIMENTARY ROCK IDENTIFICATION, 5.4 LAB EXERCISES METAMORPHIC ROCK IDENTIFICATION, 6.7 LAB EXERCISE CHOOSING ABSOLUTE DATING METHODS, Answers to Practice Lab Exercises in section 7-E1, 8.6 GEOLOGIC STRUCTURES CREATED BY PLASTIC & BRITTLE DEFORMATION, 8-E5 EXERCISES COMPLEX GEOLOGICAL MAPS & CROSS-SECTIONS, 9-E1 LAB EXERCISE LOCATING AN EPICENTER, 9-E3 LAB EXERCISE HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKE, 10.3 STREAM GRADIENT AND THE CYCLE OF STREAM EROSION, Introductory Physical Geology Laboratory Manual First Canadian Edition (v.3 Jan 2020), https://pub.data.gov.bc.ca/datasets/177864/pdf/092G/092G095.pdf, Next: Extra Practice Question on Topographic Maps, Introductory Physical Geology Laboratory Manual First Canadian Edition (v.3 - Jan 2020), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. If you were standing in the middle on the intermost contour line hill "c", your elevation would be. Melodic contour is the shape and sequence of movements of a melodic line. A simple diagram is shown below on the left. Complete this map by adding in contour lines using a contour interval of 100 m. Draw the contour lines so that they are continuous: they will either continue to the edge of the map or form an enclosed circle. The figure above illustrates various topographic features. The river in this area has a rather particular pattern, what geologic process caused this? 40 feet. What is the latitude for the southeast corner of the map? CONTOUR/SIGDIG= Sets the number of digits after the decimal point for contour labels; default is 2. Remember, because of isostasy the denser plate will be lower than the less dense plate. To use the same interval for both x and y , specify xyinterval as a two-element vector of the form [min max]. . (10 pts) Imagine you are a geologist working for the Geological Survey of Canada. What important discovery did the researcher miss? A standard topographic map uses contour linesto express elevations above sea level and show the shape of the land. Contour lines Lines or isolines on a map that connect points with the same elevation. Calculate the contour interval between index contours, which are are the more prominent, bold-colored lines with the elevation marked on them. These marked or labeled lines are known or termed as Index Contour Lines. (1 pt) Mount Price is located next to Garibaldi Lake (just west of Table Bay, Figure 7-E9 above). The contour interval is determined by the scale of the map and the degree of relief of the terrain being represented. which isotopic system should they use. Contour line art is a method of drawing where you draw only the outline of an object, without any shading. Considering the above map, the steps involved in contour interval calculation are. 7. The terms below Why? In which stage of the cycle of stream erosion is this area? What type of tectonic plates are present? Sometimes vertical exaggeration is desiredbut, in some cases, you may not want it. Write your estimates for the elevation at each waypoint next to the waypoint. Contour lines that are close together show what type of slope? Adjacent means next to. right hand portion of the window. 12. Contours make it possible to show the height and shape of mountains, the depths of the ocean bottom, and the steepness of slopes. Is the school likely to be at risk of contamination from this same leak? contour (Z) creates a contour plot containing the isolines of matrix Z, where Z contains height values on the x - y plane. The following are general characteristics of contour lines: 1. Where do the S wave velocities abruptly change? hillslope: Write your answer in feet. It is usually shown in or near the map's legend. All points on a contour line are at the same elevation. 3. A slope is easy to recognize in a hilly area. Then, find the difference in elevation between the two points. for Interpreting Topographic Maps At 75 km depth, rocks will be heated to about _______ degrees Celsius. example. In the given figure contour interval is 50 feet. with the labeled contour lines at the bottom of the profile paper and project - Table 8 . What factors control the course of this river? on the paper the exact place where each contour, stream and hill top crosses 30 seconds. What is the area of the slab? Write your answer in feet. On most topographic maps, What type of stream drainage pattern is present on this map? The numbered contour lines are the index contours; the unnumbered contour lines are the supplemental contours. B. 2. Which of the three proposed plate tectonic mechanisms would NOT occur at this location? Lets assume, 7000 and 7100 and calculate the interval between it. Write out the longitude for each designated point as was done for Point A Write out the longitude for each designated point as was done for Point A A: Longitudes for the given points are explanied below To illustrate what these hills look like in profile (or, how they would look if you saw them while standing on the ground and looking at them from a distance), you can draw what is known as a topographic profile. Now difference between 7100 and 7000 is 7100 7000 = 100. Figure 4: Reading Contour Maps . Hint: draw a simple map or a rough cross-section sketch to help illustrate your logic. They are usually mapped with small contour intervals. For example, if your map scale is 1 inch = 50 ft, then one inch on your graphs y-axis should only represent 50ft of elevation. Contour lines never cross. All Rights Reserved. Legal. distance is found on the scale. Why does the boundary depart from the river channel? Streams/Rivers Escarpments/Cliffs Sharp contour points indicate pointed ridges. which organism was the most useful in coming to this conclusion (best fossil index), which organism was the least useful in coming to this conclusion (worst index), how much of the parent isotope would be remaining after 7 half lives have passed, if a radiometric element has a half life of 425 yrs, how old would a rock be that only had 3.125% of the parent isotope remaining, based on your graph approximately how much of the parent isotope would be remaining after 3.5 half lives, based on your graph above approximately how many half lives have passed when only 35% of the parent isotope is remaining, an archeologist finds some cloth at a burial site and wants to determine the age of the remains. The commonly used contour interval is 20 feet for a 1:24,000 map scale. scale on profile paper by labeling the horizontal lines corresponding to the What is the latitude for this monument? (in feet) between the two points. shows the surface features, or topography of Earth or a certain area. What is the elevation of the unlabeled index contour crossing Roaring Creek in the northwest corner of the map? The zone from 20-2900 Km represents the earth? Contour lines that are very close together indicate a steep slope. a stream or river and dividing the distance (in miles) into the vertical difference What approximate discharge would be associated with a 50 year recurrence interval? Note: This lab is in colour. Which of the following statements about them is true? Does your topographic profile show any peaks or valleys? For Ex: If the number of lines between 2 index lines are 5. trend up valleys and form a "V" or a "U" where they cross What type of drainage pattern would this area represent? (1 pt) Garibaldi Creek is located east of Deadmans Lake (Figure 7-E8). Flood stage, or bankfull stage, on Sweetwater Creek occurs at a discharge of ~4,500 cfs. The purpose of this lab is to familiarize students with how to read and use topographic maps. Is Lake Creek flowing into or out of Phelps Lake? a) Label the elevation of every contour line on the map. The intervals +4tt and 4tt, then, respectively showed intervals ascending and descending from the tonal centre. The elevation at sea level is zero meters. Usually there are different contour intervals for the different maps. The rendition of this topography as an isoline (contour) map from an overhead perspective is shown directly below. c. Label each mark contour lines represent steep slopes, conversely, contour lines that are spaced Show that the streamlines of \nabla \varphi are orthogonal to the level surfaces of \varphi. Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. This is a critical skill to prepare students to learn about more complex geologic maps. within the sequence is a distinctive clay layer that under closer inspection is fine grained volcanic ash. of a hill (or hills). Large contour interval is to be used if the time available for the survey work is less. The calculation of the contour intervals is as below: Firstly locate 2 index contour lines that are labeled with a specific elevation. When the contour interval is not specified in the map, it can be calculated as explained in the following sections. When a large area is to be mapped in small piece of paper contour intervals are used. Notice the tick marks pointing toward lower elevation. Examine the path of the river that feeds into and flows out of Quail Lake. Salmon River This map is a geologic map of glacial geology in the area, drawn If you examine the graph showing the topographic profile in Figure 3.6, can you imagine what would happen to your profile if we changed the spacing for elevations on the y-axis? If the river on this map is 1.93 miles long, what is the gradient for this river? Overview section 7.3 provides background information on contour lines to prepare you for these exercises. Stream channels radiate outwards like wheel spokes from a high point. Be sure to only plot those elevations that are at the intersection of the contour line with line A-B. The older unconformity is a Nonconformity, while the younger is a Disconformity. Lay a strip which of the above geologic events is the seventh in the sequence? Answer the following questions about these waypoints, based on your best guess estimate of the elevation of each waypoint. Observe the velocities of waves on the graph. Geology Labs 1-6 (some questions and answers, Applications and Investigations In Earth Science, Dennis G. Tasa, Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Chapter 42: The Physician's Office Laboratory. (b) Notice how a mountain saddle, a ridge, a stream, a steep area, and a flat area are shown with contour lines. 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\)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), Answers to Practice Lab Exercises, Parts A and B, status page at https://status.libretexts.org, Contour lines represent lines connecting points of equal elevation above sea level, Contour lines never cross, split, or die off, Contour intervals must be obeyed, therefore the contour lineelevations can only be multiples of the contour interval.