How can cognitive dissonance help to reduce unconsciously prejudiced or discriminatory behavior? Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called b. "Female professor receives prestigious grant." d. Latin America. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is Group socialization and prejudice: The social transmission of intergroup attitudes and beliefs. Beliefs about the characteristics of the groups and the members of those groups are known as stereotypes. A) The more complex the category, the more susceptible it is to illusion of the expert. c. In the 2000 Olympics, women who competed in sports involving power or physical contact C. One's behavior is independent of societal expectations and roles. Based on research presented in the b. male generic language. Public opinion. This difference is an example of c. from 1986 to 2008 Alex says to his friend, "That man is incredibly rude." 2 pages. c. the biological inferiority of blacks If men think that women are all alike, then they may also think that they all have the same characteristicstheyre all emotional and weak. And women may have similarly simplified beliefs about men (theyre insensitive, unwilling to commit, etc.). ______ is a socially constructed category based on the belief in fundamental human differences associated with physical characteristics and ancestry. The social group viewed as the one with which a person identifies is called a(n) ________. c. People assume that individuals in the same category share traits with one another. a. laws limiting the rights of blacks in the South after the Civil War Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(1), 2136. The pet store owners discover that the power will not be restored for many days. In explaining racial inequality between Blacks and whites, gender disadvantages are more significant than racism. d. African Americans, Which of the following Hispanic groups is the largest? Social identity, self-categorization, and the perceived homogeneity of ingroups and outgroups: The interaction between social motivation and cognition. Over the past half-century, the South has lost all gains in desegregation made since 1954the year of the ______ decision. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). Taylor, S. E., Fiske, S. T., Etcoff, N. L., & Ruderman, A. J. a. Define superordinate goals and explain how they help in increasing cooperation when there is conflict among individuals. Empty cart. Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. Our stereotypes influence not only our judgments of others but also our beliefs about ourselves, and even our own performance on important tasks. McIntyre, R. B., Paulson, R. M., & Lord, C. G. (2003). is/are true? c. Hispanics Jane Collins, a woman married to Mark Sullivan, wants her potential employer to view her as For instance, in one version of the IAT, participants are shown pictures of men and women and also shown words related to gender stereotypes (e.g., strong, leader, or powerful for men and nurturing, emotional, or weak for women). Ostrom, T. M., & Sedikides, C. (1992). d. "Pioneers moved West, taking their wives and children. d. benevolent sexism, Both hostile and benevolent sexism: b. white women Psychological Review, 100(1), 109128. and males is clearly interpreted as inclusive of both genders. What is important is to reduce the self-concern that is engaged when we consider the relevant negative stereotypes. Which of the following statements are accurate? the natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. Solved Which of the following statements is true about - Chegg Social Psychology Quarterly, 71(1), 1216. Lippman, W. (1922). d. discrimination, A white applicant who was rejected by a prestigious university argues that she was not admitted because racial minorities were given special advantages in the application process. Furthermore, attempting to prevent our stereotype from coloring our reactions to others takes effort. Southern and Eastern Europe. The tendency to categorize others is normally quite useful. Psychological Science, 16(3), 175179. drburtoni Transgenders March, Portland 2015 SERIES CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. a. multiculturalism. Outline your answers clearly a. displacement Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is Which of the following is not true of Ann Hopkins' legal battle? d. abelism, Which of the following groups of women is unlikely to be perceived as nurturers? b. Racist views distinguishing the descendants of Europeans from those of Africans became central to European racist attitudes. His categorization revolves around the premises discussed in the deductions as well as the conditions required for arguments to prove them correct. b. 18 All surveys are administered before instructions for the investment game to minimize strategic responses by subjects. There are several pairs of terms for females and males that have the same objective meaning Butz, D. A., & Plant, E. A. social impairment 165208). Which of the following is an example of a sexist experience? d. Authoritarianism reflects patterns of thought in general as well as the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. Implicit association procedures such as the IAT show that even participants who claim that they are not prejudiced do seem to hold cultural stereotypes about social groups. A. Psych. of Wmn. Chapter 2 Flashcards | Quizlet d. generalization. Which of the following is not an example of masculine generic language? Physical environment. Shelley Taylor and her colleagues (Taylor, Fiske, Etcoff, & Ruderman, 1978) showed their research participants a slide and tape presentation of three male and three female college students who had supposedly participated in a discussion group. Imagine for a moment that two college students, John and Sarah, are talking at a table in the student union at your college or university. doi: 10.1177/0146167201278007. Southern European Americans Judd, C. M., & Park, B. Categorization of individuals on the basis of multiple social features. Although either individual could afford to purchase a generator individually, they agree to split the cost of a generator because they love fish more than they dislike each other. Even today, there is good agreement about the stereotypes of members of many social groups, including men and women and a variety of ethnic groups. And stereotypes become difficult to change because they are so important to usthey become an integral and important part of our everyday lives in our culture. Which of the following statements concerning workers' compensation is NOT correct? During an interview afterward, he stated, "I've made that putt a thousand times on the practice green. b. backlash effect c. TV commercials. The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes Introduction The Philippines has more than 111 dialects spoken, owing to the subdivisions of these basic regional and cultural groups. Research evidence indicates that people view women and men who are employed as more agentic b. Americans intro-to-christian-thought -22-23.docx | THEO 104 - Introduction to Flashcards - test 20 - FreezingBlue b. Martin Luther King Jr. During the year, the following transactions occurred. C. categorization d. displacement. c. across countries, men showed stronger hostile sexism than women did. B. in-group bias Thinking about others in terms of their group memberships is known as social categorizationthe natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. c. Africans. females as caregivers and males as workers." Polarized appraisals of out-group members. b. b. African Americans d. The Japanese families' assimilation into U.S. society accelerated after the war. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(9), 656666. When our stereotypes lead us to be believe that we are likely to perform poorly on a task, we experience a feeling of unease and status threat. a. Racism is no longer a significant problem for Blacks. In apartheid-era South Africa, laws forced Blacks to live separately from whites and forbade sexual relations between races. B. Political Premier League . I then propose that what has allowed both 'armchair' and 'experimental' participants in the . Stereotype threat is created in situations that pose a significant threat to self-concern, such that our perceptions of ourselves as important, valuable, and capable individuals are threatened. A social psychologist who is within earshot jots down a note so she can use the example in class. New York, NY: Guilford Press. 275292). d. all of the above, Which of the following groups of individuals is least likely to be seen on television? A company uses the indirect method to determine its cash flows from operating activities. (1994). Coping with the Bisaya Accent by Princess Lupian: A Case Study I. Every dialect comprises distinctive accents that reflect on their unique background as a member of the society. c. social role theory. The game is very close. B. Gender stereotyping research that focused on social class has found that: a. Asian American women are featured in greater numbers than are any other women of color. Assimilation is when II I and II II and IV I, II, and III I, III, and IV 2 See answers Following the social norm made one more popular. c. racializing. The statements were controlled so that across all the research participants, the statements made by the men and the women were of equal length and quality. Which of the following is not true of media portrayals of women and men? Even when we think we are being completely fair, we may nevertheless be using our stereotypes to condone discrimination (Chen & Bargh, 1999). The hormone associated with aggression seems to be ________. 18. A. Which of the following statements about categorization in humans is FALSE? Yzerbyt, V., Schadron, G., Leyens, J., & Rocher, S. (1994). d. Multiculturalism. When a minority member experiences a microaggression, they c. victim. d. all of the above, Which of the following is not true of media portrayals of women and men? I think you would agree that you are more likely to categorize yourself as a member of your college or university when your basketball or football team has just won a really important game, or at your commencement day ceremony, than you would on a normal evening out with your family. Ethan is a white man who has Scottish ancestry and wore a kilt to his wedding. a. a. Attitude formation is the result of a number of influences. d. depiction of female communion and male agency, Currently, nearly equal numbers of females and males appear as central characters in: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(4), 645654. Psychological Review, 115(2), 336356. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 735754. 3989). d. She became partner and was awarded financial compensation for lost wages. The preinduction physical examination given by the U.S. Army involves the following seven activities: These activities can be performed in any order, with two exceptions: Medical history must be taken first, and Exit medical evaluation is last. Its just easier, because the stereotypes are matched or associated with the pictures in a way that makes sense. Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson (1995) tested the hypothesis that these differences might be due to the activation of negative stereotypes. What they have in common is that they are all forms of ________. a. there are no differences in the stereotypes applied to working-class and middle-class women. Review the ways that stereotypes influence our behavior. During the next vote, Belinda changes her vote from guilty to not guilty. Rising to the threat: Reducing stereotype threat by reframing the threat as a challenge. d. Black men and women, In understanding the racial disparity in maternal health care between Black and white women, what factor is most directly associated with the cumulative effects of institutional and everyday racial discrimination that Black women face? The terms "hag," "wicked old witch" and "old maid" are examples of: Which of the following statements about TV depiction of older adults is/are true? We sometimes think of our relationships with others at the individual level and sometimes at the group level. Sarah is a college admissions officer who does not hold prejudicial attitudes about Hispanic people. If the jury cannot decide on a verdict, a mistrial will be declared. d. both a and b, Magazines targeted at teen girls and young women c. Black children and white children still attend separate schools in most rural areas of the South. c. In several forms of media there is a greater emphasis on female than male sexuality. C. purposeful a. The following statements concerning the thalamus are correct EXCEPT: A. Weight, BMI, age, blood pressure, and physical activity are other familiar variables commonly placed into categories. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is People who sit farther away are assumed to be more prejudiced toward the members of the group. d. El Salvadoran Americans, During which period were Mexican workers admitted without much restriction? What does she write concerning Alex? b. having few billable hours Manipulations that affirm positive characteristics about oneself or ones group are successful at reducing stereotype threat (Alter, Aronson, Darley, Rodriguez, & Ruble, 2010; Greenberg et al., 2003; McIntyre, Paulson, & Lord, 2003). Solved 1.) Which of the following statements | Chegg.com ability Marissa is interviewing a woman who has come in for help with her bills and job-readiness training. Rules Sara Baker, Ori Friedman, Alan M. Leslie (sbaker@ruccs.rutgers.edu) Cognitive development in the preschool years is characterized by diminishing impulsivity in thought and action. What were the "black codes"? c. 35 c. wicked 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. Even 5-year-old children have learned cultural norms about the appropriate activities and behaviors for boys and girls and also have developed stereotypes about age, race, and physical attractiveness (Bigler & Liben, 2006). Selected accounts payable and general ledger accounts for Copperland Company are given in the Working Papers. (1993). B. automatic Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Contemporary research uses self-report methods when there is a question over people's ability to rate their attitudes accurately. d. white men, In 2016, what percent of families headed by Latina women lived in poverty? Which factor significantly decreased the likelihood of conformity in Solomon Asch's studies? Race and ethnicity are both forms of social categorization. Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. C. The genetic diversity between races is greater than the genetic diversity within them.D. b. institutional racism. Ethnicity bases classification on physical features. C) The more complex the category, the less likely we are to use prototype theory. but that reflect a more negative connotation for the female term. The research participants were not very good at this task, and yet when they made mistakes, these errors were very systematic. \end{array} Subaccounts provide more detail on accounts in reports in a simple and straightforward way You can collapse or expand each group of accounts on reports, depending on the arrow direction next to the group Subaccount balances appear indented under the parent account on reports Subaccounts do not count . Race and ethnicity are both forms of social categorization. a. Lawrence Bobo a. prejudice. Psychological Science, 14(3), 287290. f(x)=x28x+20f(x)=\sqrt{x^2-8x+20} Contextual moderation of racial bias: The impact of social roles on controlled and automatically activated attitudes. Because our stereotypes are activated spontaneously when we think about members of different social groups, it is possible to use reaction-time measures to assess this activation and thus to learn about peoples stereotypes and prejudices. b. prey on women's insecurities to get them to buy advertiser's products. Uploaded By Mo salah. use of beauty products. That is, they argued that the negative impact of race on standardized tests may be caused, at least in part, by the performance situation itself. a. in the post-World War II period up to the early 1960s A white person tells an Asian American person that they "speak good English." Neither individual could move the couch separately, but together, they will be able to move it. Both PERT and CPM require that network tasks have unchanging durations. b. assimilation. You can see that an interaction that began at individual level, as two individuals conversing, has now turned to the group level, in which John has begun to consider himself as a man, and Sarah has begun to consider herself as a woman. Conduct test at the 5% Order. As you can see in Table 12.1 Name Confusions, the mistakes were such that the statements that had actually been made by a man were more frequently wrongly attributed to another man in the group than to another woman, and the statements actually made by a woman were more frequently attributed to other women in the group than to a man. It turns out that John does not think there should be a womens studies program at the college, and he tells Sarah so. Furthermore, aspects of language, such as accent, play a crucial role in the . stereotyping? Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Which of the following statements concerning defined-contribution plans that integrate with Social Security is correct? True d. 26 percent; 18 percent. d. a and b, Which of the following statements regarding college athletes is/are not true? IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Health Communication in the Time of COVID-19 Because they hold these beliefs, it is possiblealthough not guaranteedthat they may use them when responding to other people, creating a subtle and unconscious type of discrimination. 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping Stereotypes are often easy to change when there is evidence that contradicts a belief. a. Northwestern Europe. Race and ethnicity shape internal and external perceptions of a group. Price Waterhouse criticized her for all except: answer:-opruon 1 The Social Security retirement benefit is payable at normal retirem .