Describe the role of hormonal imbalances in mental illness. If a client-centered therapist were treating a very anxious woman, the therapist would try to: a. point out the clients misconceptions. The force that is in control in this example is the: Which model is MOST likely to suggest using free association to uncover unconscious processes? For example, to be diagnosed with separation anxiety disorder, you must present with three of eight symptoms for criteria A whereas for a major depressive episode as part of Bipolar II disorder, you have to display five (or more) symptoms for criteria A. They act as the instructions to make proteins, and it is estimated by the Human Genome Project that we have between 20,000 and 25,000 genes. The structure of personality. She had another shirt with her and wanted to change right then and there. 2.3.3.6. b. people are naturally inclined to live positively. d. bipolar disorder. What are some issues facing the biological model? Postconditioning. d. self-aware. b. brain stimulation. The three parts of personality generally work together well and compromise, leading to a healthy personality, but if the conflict is not resolved, intrapsychic conflicts can arise and lead to mental disorders. Breuer made daily visits and allowed her to share stories from her private theater, which she came to call talking cure or chimney sweeping. Many of the stories she shared were actually thoughts or events she found troubling and reliving them helped to relieve or eliminate the symptoms. The information is received by brain structures (central nervous system) and perception occurs. Behaviorism has also been accused of being mechanistic and seeing people as machines. d. projection. As time goes on, the client starts to ask the therapist's permission for everything, instead of just making the decisions on her own. Simply: Figure 2.1. 131. The processes described in this model occur at an unconscious level. In terms of the latter, cognitive behavior modification procedures arose after the 1960s and with the rise of cognitive psychology. As opposed to the medical model, which emphasizes mental illness as . d. transference. Defense mechanisms include the following: For more on defense mechanisms, please visit: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/fulfillment-any-age/201110/the-essential-guide-defense-mechanisms. The axon sends signals/information to neighboring neurons while the dendrites, which resemble little trees, receive information from neighboring neurons. She ultimately decided not to copy, knowing that doing so was wrong. 138. 24. a. existential therapy b. free association c. mindfulness meditation d. gestalt therapy, 98. The motivation to form relationships with others is a central theme of: Nari was taking the bar exam and was concerned that she didn't know the answers to many of the questions. So I kept doing it and doing it until one day, another kid grew tired of hearing about my other identity and punched me in the face. The final section is a A man has cheated on his partner and he feels very guilty, but soon he begins to make excuses, saying that his partner has nagged him for years. b. exposure therapy. d. Each model views childhood trauma as a factor contributing to abnormal behavior. Recent research has discovered that autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, major depression, and schizophrenia all share genetic roots. Clarify how environmental factors affect mental illness. 2.3.2.2. c. neurons. a. The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to: a. cognition-focused therapists. Which abnormality model best lends itself to laboratory testing in terms of evaluating its efficacy? Once free, the cat was allowed to eat some food before being promptly returned to the box. 161. Psychopharmacology and psychotropic drugs. It might be that the disorder causes dysfunction in the family, rather than the dysfunctional family causing the disorder. On the other hand, if we see a sibling constantly getting in trouble with the law, then we may not model this behavior due to the negative consequences. Ego-defense mechanisms are in place to protect us from this pain but are considered maladaptive if they are misused and become our primary way of dealing with stress. Maladaptive cognitions. Really, the sky is the limit with reinforcers in particular. Then there is the self-serving bias, which is when we attribute our success to our own efforts (dispositional) and our failures to external causes (situational). a. quaternary b. secondary c. tertiary d. meta. c. cognitive-behavioral therapy. Therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients, and who often use role-playing and a here and now orientation, are _____ therapists. Second, the participants in his studies were not representative of the broader population. Briefly outline how communication in the nervous system occurs. 19. A psychologist believes that all dysfunctional behavior is due to past experiences, and that no symptom or behavior is accidental. You are doing your best. a. Dysfunction b. Identify and define important neurotransmitters. 153. b. anal stage. Eventually, the response brought about by the sympathetic nervous system must end. When Mathias did not get a job for which he applied, he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. Thorndike also said that stimulus and responses were connected by the organism, and this led to learning. b. denial. a. psychoanalysis. Which of the following is an argument of critics of the evolutionary perspective? The last part of the personality to develop is the superego, which represents societys expectations, moral standards, rules, and represents our conscience. Show: All Cards 109 1 The earliest major psychological model of abnormal behavior was the cognitive model 2 Attempts to understand the biological basis of depression has linked it to imbalances in -norepinephrine and serotonin 3 Fannie goes to a humanist therapist. How so? However, critics cite obvious ethical issues with conducting such surgeries as well as scientific issues. What form of psychotherapy is ChaeWoo receiving? How does the existential perspective approach psychopathology? She died shortly after this interrogation on May 28, 1936. This is in accord with what Freud called: a. reflex. Behaviors and thoughts may influence the development of psychological disorders. According to your reading on abnormal psychology, which term is defined as "the inability to perform in one or more important areas of functioning" and is a consideration in identifying the presence of a mental disorder? The fundamental unit of the nervous system is the neuron, or nerve cell (See Figure 2.3). The BEST explanation for this trend is that these theories: Describe how communication in the nervous system occurs. This form of learning is called: a. shaping. 2.2.3.2. If we are not motivated to perform an observed behavior, we probably will not show what we have learned. Step 1 Neurons waiting to fire are said to be in, Step 2 If adequately stimulated, the neuron experiences an, Step 3 Once the action potential passes from one segment of the axon to the next, the previous segment begins to, Step 4 After the neuron fires, it will not fire again no matter how much stimulation it receives. According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and cannot express our impulses is the: A patient with a controlling mother is undergoing therapy. The defense mechanism that BEST explains your behavior is: Which model of abnormality MOST closely aligns with positive psychology? Is there merit to this view? They add, Oftentimes someone being treated with CBT will have homework in between sessions where they practice replacing negative thoughts with more realistic thoughts based on prior experiences or record their negative thoughts in a journal. For more on CBT, visit: https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Psychotherapy. Mindfulness has been shown to be associated with improvements in which of the following? The uni-dimensional model proposes a single factor as the cause of psychopathology while the multi-dimensional model integrates multiple causes of psychopathology and affirms that each cause comes to affect other causes over time. c. Two-thirds of treated couples achieve marital satisfaction by the end of therapy. The neuron next moves into a relative refractory period, meaning it can fire but needs higher than normal levels of stimulation. 12. For more on the link between cortisol and depression, check out this article: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-athletes-way/201301/cortisol-why-the-stress-hormone-is-public-enemy-no-1. abnormality, also known as mental disorders, psychiatric diagnoses, or, more broadly, psychopathology. The results of this study led him to conclude that _____ greatly affects mental illness. d. Bandura. Communication in the Nervous System. What is an important characteristic of group therapy? a. working through b. exposure therapy c. role playing d. family therapy. Each paradigm focuses mainly on one aspect of human functioning. This scenario demonstrates trial and error learning or making a response repeatedly if it leads to success. 34. Exemplify the effect of attributions on creating abnormal behavior. e. Models of abnormality are general hypotheses as to the nature of psychological abnormalities. c. gestalt. c. prejudice and discrimination faced by women. a. egoic b. deterministic c. defensive d. object relational. 134. All other toys are allowed, including a Bobo doll. Evaluating the cognitive model. This form of behavior therapy is widely used in clinical, business, and classroom situations. The drug causes severe vomiting if a person drinks alcohol while taking the drug. a. behavior-focused New evidence suggests nerve cell connections, nerve cell growth, and the functioning of nerve circuits have a major impact on depression and areas that play a significant role in depression are the amygdala, the thalamus, and the hippocampus. Also, individuals with borderline personality disorder have been shown to have structural and functional changes in brain areas associated with impulse control and emotional regulation, while imaging studies reveal differences in the frontal cortex and subcortical structures for those suffering from OCD. d. fixation. d. early life experiences shape one's later behavior. d. The receiving neurons stop all firing. She is very open about herself and shares her thoughts and opinions freely. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from: Which form of therapy helps clients recognize errors in logic and try out new interpretations of events? Nervous breakdown c. Impairment d. Distress Mood stabilizers are used to treat bipolar disorder and, at times, depression, schizoaffective disorder, and disorders of impulse control. Borderline personality disorder has also been found to be higher in people in low-income brackets (Tomko et al., 2012) and group differences for personality disorders have been found between African and European Americans (Ryder, Sunohara, and Kirmayer, 2015). Evaluate the usefulness of the cognitive model. 2.3.1.2. First, consider the list of side effects given for psychotropic medications.
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